Enhancing Computational Learning through Visual Programming Media: An Empirical Study of Academic Achievement

Muhammad Robby Sidiq; Efendi Napitupulu; Farihah Farihah

doi:10.35877/454RI.jinav4019

Muhammad Robby Sidiq Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan (ID)
Efendi Napitupulu Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan (ID)
Farihah Farihah Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan (ID)

https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.jinav4019

Keywords: Visual programming, educational technology, computational thinking, computer science education, learning media, scratch programming, academic achievement

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Abstract

The integration of computational thinking into formal education curricula has become essential as information and communication technology continues to transform educational paradigms. This study addresses a significant challenge in computer science education, where 58% of junior high school students fail to achieve minimum learning standards in programming subjects. Objective this study to develop and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of visual programming learning media using Scratch 3.0 to enhance academic achievement in computer science education among seventh-grade students. This research employed a research and development approach using a 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Dissemination) conducted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Junior High School over two months. The study involved comprehensive validation by three expert validators and implementation across three phases: a small group (n=5), a medium group (n=15), and field testing (n=30). The data collected included expert validation questionnaires, pre- and posttest assessments, and perception surveys, which were analyzed via descriptive statistics and t tests. Expert validation demonstrated high feasibility, with material validation scoring of 87%, media validation scoring of 83.5%, and instructional design validation scoring of 84.5%, all of which were categorized as "Very Good." The effectiveness evaluation revealed an overall effectiveness of 92.73% in the "very good" category. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups (t-stat = 5.06, p < 0.001), with the experimental group achieving a mean score of 77.00 compared with 70.60 for the control group. Scratch 3.0-based visual programming learning media is feasible and effective for enhancing computer science learning outcomes, demonstrating superior performance compared with conventional teaching methods in junior high school education.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Robby Sidiq, Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan

Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan

Efendi Napitupulu, Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan

Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan

Farihah Farihah, Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan

Department of Educational Technology, Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan

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